#your 'nation' is a gathering together of people based on a governmental structure and no more

[crimepope]

It's almost like holding people accountable for some sort of shared guilt based on imagined communities (see here: nations) is both unpleasant and unconstructive

[bharatiyamedia-blog]

Anubhav Sinha's Article 15 peddles a mythology reasonably than partaking truthfully with the truth of caste- Leisure Information, Firstpost

http://tinyurl.com/yxzc9g4u Hindi cinema has been, for the previous decade, producing small movies that may have been unimaginable earlier – like Udaan (2010), Titli (2014), Masaan (2015), Talvar (2015) and now Article 15 (2019) – all of them boldly coping with points like city lawlessness, human rights abuses, corruption and caste discrimination. However a few of these points are advanced in nature, and one can’t be unequivocal in praising these movies that, with the intention to drive residence a message, take pleasure in oversimplifications. How will, as in Titli, a damaged hand save a signatory from signing a doc when there’s a provision for a thumb impression to serve instead, although with due attestation? Article 15 offers with an particularly difficult situation – caste and caste politics – however as an alternative of merely questioning the ‘fact’ within the movie, I’ll deal with what its representations suggest about political mythmaking. A nonetheless from Article 15. Youtube screengrab Anubhav Sinha’s Article 15 claims to be fiction as is normally completed when movies attempt to recreate a controversial occasion, and it’s broadly a thriller based mostly on the Badaun rape case of 2014, the place two teenage Dalit ladies have been discovered hanging from a tree. The police made out a case that the ladies (cousins) have been in a lesbian relationship and had killed themselves when it got here to gentle, and later that it was an honour killing. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) additionally stepped in and discounted the gang rape speculation, which was additionally supplied. Later it turned out that that they had certainly been gang raped, however with the participation of native policemen. Within the movie, a younger Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Ayan Ranjan (Ayushmann Khurrana) is posted to a small city in Uttar Pradesh and is confronted by a case involving the demise by hanging of two Dalit ladies and the disappearance of a 3rd. Ayan Ranjan is the son of a senior civil servant and previously from St Stephen’s School. His love curiosity Aditi is an activist in Delhi. He has been posted to Lalgaon as punishment for cheeking the Dwelling Secretary. Reviewers have in contrast the movie to Alan Parker’s Mississippi Burning (1988), which is about race relations within the Deep South, however caste is a extra advanced situation, and structuring the Badaun case as an easy thriller with a transparent answer brings its personal share of issues. Like a number of different Hindi thrillers, it provides us its slant on the very starting with a track sung by Dalit activists led by the character Gaura (Sayani Gupta), the sister of the lacking woman. The track is concerning the social divide between the haves and the have-nots and the rousing means by which it’s sung nearly installs its message as central. The movie additionally demarcates its Dalits and non-Dalits very clearly. Among the many policemen, Bramhdutt is a Thakur, Mayank is Brahmin, whereas Jatav is Dalit. There’s additionally a shadowy Dalit activist named Nishad, seemingly in a detailed relationship with Gaura. There may be additionally the upper-caste Anshu Nahariya, who wields a lot energy as a result of he’s associated to a political bigwig. Amidst all this can be a political marketing campaign underway with Brahmins and Dalits coming collectively as underneath Mayawati. Among the many Dalits themselves a hierarchy is invoked, Pasis being beneath the Jatavs and the Chamars. All this spells complexity, however in comparison with the ground-level actuality in India, it’s fairly easy. Article 15 ought to have embraced the complexities within the precise occasions of the Badaun rape case by at the very least acknowledging that the story can not have a passable ‘joyful ending’ Within the Badaun case, the lifeless ladies have been Dalit Mauryas, thought of nearly of equal rank in caste hierarchy to Yadavs, who’re OBCs. All of the 5 folks accused of gang rape, together with two policemen, have been Yadavs. There was additionally proof that the older of the 2 lifeless ladies was in a long-term relationship with a type of accused within the gang rape. The 2 political rivals in Uttar Pradesh are Mayawati and Akhilesh Yadav, who take their positions as protectors of the Dalits and OBCs respectively. Throughout its unfolding, the movie asserts that caste antagonisms are between the upper-castes on one facet and the Dalits and OBCs on the opposite, however the Badaun case, whether it is to be interpreted in caste-antagonism phrases, means that it’s between the Yadavs as OBCs and an upper-level Dalit group just under the Yadavs. The Manichaean divisions instructed by the movie are hardly ‘true’, as a result of the Dalits are themselves divided acutely between those that have benefitted vastly from governmental advantages like these within the civil companies, and people who haven’t like those that suffocate inside drains. So as to perpetuate its simplified view of caste society, the movie makes all of the rapists upper-caste. Even among the many policemen, the important thing harmless one is Jatav, the only Dalit among the many lot. Article 15 is a ‘thriller’ and a key requirement for a thriller is that it ought to have a transparent answer in thoughts and should ship ‘justice’ to the spectator. When it takes up political points like caste divisions and antagonisms, it should additionally be certain that the justice it delivers displays an ‘acceptable’ political viewpoint. However when it really works its fiction on one thing political that obtained vast protection within the newspapers, it may be argued that there’s one other obligation it should fulfil: It should embrace the complexities within the precise occasions by at the very least acknowledging that the story can not have a passable ‘joyful ending’ — or justice totally delivered. However this final requirement negates the primary and makes it unimaginable for the topic to be tackled within the format of a thriller with out ‘politically appropriate’ distortions. The brand new ‘realism’ in Hindi movies, of which Article 15 supplies a hanging occasion, depends on precise locales and high-quality supporting appearing. Aside from Gaura and Nishad, who much less resemble rural Dalits than the sort of folks populating NGOs within the metropolises, the characters are plausibly drawn. However by way of its content material, it’s peddling a mythology reasonably than partaking truthfully with political actuality. The movie tries to foreground the Structure as an ethical information to caste relations, though it additionally describes caste as a 2000-year-old observe; the query is how one thing dedicated to paper round 1950 can undo one thing so historical, the origins of which one can solely speculate about. The favored movie in India is dedicated to picturing the world correctly, as an alternative of the way in which it’s, and it has been peddling mythologies ever since DG Phalke, however that is embedded deeply in the way in which folks describe themselves. The virtuous, harmless, enterprising, brave protagonists of widespread cinema are private beliefs we fake to emulate. I’ve heard astute businessmen describing the lifestyle portrayed in Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! as an correct depiction of their very own households. When Indian cinema ventures into political territory, it follows the identical rules and furthers related myths. Raazi (2018), for example, proposes that individuals might be so affected by patriotic sentiments that they’ll do evil to their very own households in the reason for the nation. Since nationwide enemies are each throughout the nation and out of doors, would dad and mom in India who see their kids embroiled in monetary crimes hand them over to the Enforcement Directorate? Every of those mythologies has authors entrenched in courses, and if Raazi is broadly from the patriotic Proper, Article 15 is from the liberal Left. Probably the most unimaginable creations in Article 15 are the protagonist Ayan Ranjan and Aditi; Ayan studied in St Stephens School, which suggests the 2 are basically the sort of folks related to Lutyens’ Delhi. They’re each merchandise of privilege, however they’re made emblems of concern fully harmless of caste relations. Since that they had the perfect sort of training, would they not have discovered one thing about caste and its complexities, and would Ranjan have to be taught that by native police constables? A story conference in movies the place outsiders attempt to ‘cleanse the system’ is that the outsiders should be with out culpability, however merchandise of privilege in India can not declare such a standing. I discover it significantly vital that on the conclusion, Ayan Ranjan is proven wading in a swamp as an indication of his the Aristocracy — when the opposite policemen are doing it routinely with out getting such reward! One gathers from the portrayal that privileged liberals from Lutyens’ Delhi, once they exhibit concern, see themselves as outsiders not likely implicated within the socio-political mess that’s India. MK Raghavendra is a movie scholar and writer of seven books together with The Oxford India Brief Introduction to Bollywood (2016) Up to date Date: Jul 08, 2019 12:58:21 IST !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '259288058299626'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "http://connect.facebook.net/en_GB/all.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.9&appId=1117108234997285"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); Source link

[kurahieiritrjio]

A Gift for my Writer Pals

I started compiling this world build close to a decade ago, and have merged so many things into a master document that it is impossible to not have a very complex and intriguing world in using this whole crib. I spent a lot of time working on societies and the like too. So I hope this is a well rounded enough crib that anyone can use.

Generalized Outline- World Building

Astronomical/geological Section:

Planet Name:

Planet Class:  Moon, Super Terrestrial, Terrestrial (Earthlike)sub-jovian, Jovian (Think Jupiter) Sub-terrestrial (Think Venus or Mars For Size):

If Terrestrial; Is it Like Earth Now, or Past or Futuristic:

How Is This Planet The Same or Different From Our Planet?

Type of Atmosphere?

Geography: Mountains/deserts/plains/woodlands/ Swamp/ Oceans, Etc. Physical Features Include Size/ Gravity/atmosphere/ Moon (S)/ Sun Class (F5 Lower Strength White Through F-9 Lowest- to G Class Yellow (Our Sun I in This Category= G1 to G9 (9 Is Weakest)or K Class (Red Dwarf’s Which May Be Close to Death =Plot Added Drama/ And Constellations of Note:

Maps: Get Graph Paper and Build Your Own Maps or Buy Some D&d Type Maps and Then Do Mental Alterations or Chop and Pastes onto Larger Sheets to Create a Map to Help You See Where Your Characters Are Going to and Coming From! No Matter What Genre You Are Writing, So Pace and Time Laws Do Not Change and Therefore You Will Have to Give Space and Time References to Build a Good Story

What Natural Resources Exist (Such as Mining Resources to Build Technology from If Applicable)?

How Are These Resources Utilized by The Dominant Species Specifically?

Climate: Distinct Seasons; Summer/winter/spring/ Fall/dry/wet/ & Types of Weather Patterns: Ie. Snow, Rain, Arid, Humid, Tropical:

Temperatures Expected Average During Each Season:

Flora And Fauna Section:

Food Sources: What Do People And Animals on Planet Eat?

Domesticated Animals: Types of Livestock For Work or Food Can Your Planet Support Based Upon Geography And Climate?

What Types of Companion Animals or Pets Does Your World Have, If Any?

Wild Animals:

What Kinds of Animals Does This Planet Support Naturally? How Do The Main People And Animals From The Wilderness Regions Interact? Are Wild Animals Carnivores, Omnivores or Herbivores, or Some of Each Type? What Is The Food Chain Like? Ex: Herbivores Need Plants in Large Numbers to Eat So The Carnivores Can Eat Them And The Omnivores Eat Both Meat And Plants Aka Like Humans Do:

Are Any of These Wild Life Animals Intelligent Like Your Dominating Species Is Intelligent?

People or Races Section:

Population Size:

World Population:

City Population: (Only Those Needed For Story Line):

Town Populations:

Village Populations:

Specific Race (S) of Note:

In What Ratios? (I. E.  30% White Skin, 15% Black Skin, 12% Blue Skin, 65% Green Skinned )

Culture And Society:

Villages or Cities, Rural or Suburban, Inner-city Versus Outer-city (Think New York With Brooklyn And Other Suburbs For Inner Outer City Concept)

Language(s) Spoken:

Specific Cultural Aspects: (Hunter Gatherer/ Farmer/ Industrialized?)

Holidays, Celebrations, Rites of Passage, Family Traditions?

What Are The Most Important Festivals And Holidays?

How Important to Culture Are These Rituals And Holidays?

Behaviors Frowned Upon?

Behaviors Approved Of?

Word or Phrases Specific (Idioms) to The Region in Question?

Any Known Origins to The Words or Phrases Used by People of This Area?

Significance of Following Cultural Enrichment Forms:

Art:

Music:

Dance:

Entertainment:

Leisure Activities:

Dress/fashions:

What Forms Do These Items Take?

Gender Roles:which Gender Is Dominant or Is There No Dominance at All?

How Does Society Enforce Those Gender  Roles Through Education, Through Expected Conformation of Roles Between The Two Genders?

Family Structure:

Who Raises And Teaches Children?

Who Cooks Meals by Tradition?

Do Extended Families Live Together or Is it Parents And Children Only in Each Dwelling?

Are There Different Types of Food Eaten in Different Social Classes or Unified to Region (Japanese Eat Stir Fry/ Americans Eat Steak And Potatoes as Example)

Social Class: Warrior/spiritual, Wealthy/working/poor/middle Class Etc:

Where Do Each Class of People Live And Do Their Dwellings Vary From Class to Class?

Do Clothing, Personal Items Such as Jewelry or Fashions Vary Based Upon Class And Wealth?

Do Hairstyles And Similar Things Vary by Class And What Types Are There? (Long or Short Hair? Beards or Mustaches Etc Go Here)

Genealogy: Build Bloodline Maps For Visual Bloodline Traits And Such For Future Reference, Even If Not Mentioned in The Story Per Say, They Can Be Great Ways to Add Tension Based Upon Race And Other Background Hints You Don’t Go Into in Depth And They Make For Very Interesting Characters!

Religion(s):

One God or Many? Name Some And Denote Genders Implied:

Spiritual Philosophies:

Beliefs About Birth, Death, And Afterlife ?

Does Culture Condone Burial or Cremation, or Something Else?

Why?

Who Is in Charge of Places of Worship?

Does This Place Have Magic Practices And If So How Does That Affect The World on a Planetary Wide Basis as Well as Locally?

How Does Religion in General Impact The World?

Will it Have Relevance in The Plot Line of The Story? Or Will it Simply Be a Low Key Element That Helps Define Character Behaviors in Story Line?

Do Different Races Have Different Gods?

Does Technology And Religion Co-exist Peacefully or Are There Strong Conflicts Between The Two Factions?

(*myths from Religions Alive or Defunct/ History / and Politics Are Always Relevant to the Shaping of a Character’s Behavior and Actions!)

Architecture:

EDUCATION SECTION

What Levels of Education Exist on This Planet or in a Specific Area?  Give List of Educational Expected Forms Such as Home School to High School and College If Possible.

For This Group, who trains under which hall (This Is The Term For Schools Based Upon Highly Specific Technology, Medicine, Textiles, Political, Police, Computers or Space Travel in My Sci-fi Series Which Means Trained to become  a Journeyman Level For The Particular Trade... It’s a Guild Based Trade Society Kind as You Can See....If You Choose Hall Style, Is Training Off Planet, or Planet Sponsored (For Home Planets With Resident Halls)

Give List of Halls And What They Train Help Insure Plot Consistencies And Add Details to Plots.

What Forms of Specialized Education Systems Exist If Any?

Time Section:

What Calender or Other Methods of Measuring Time Exist? Include Clocks And Time Pieces, or Sun Dials, as Well as Give Some Form of Indication as to Whether or Not This Society Is Aware of Months And Years Passing. (All Technology Using Species Will Have Both Clocks And Calendars For Certain as Will Any Medieval Societies Have at Least Calender's If They Have Oceanic Shipping And Trade With Outside Races And Nations)

Technology Section:

Technology, Science And Jobs Section; Is Technology Eco Friendly or Industrial Pollutants Generating? Large City Complexes With Factories & Refineries, or Smaller Information Dominant Social Structures That Have Pleasant in Home Offices, Smaller Scientific Designated Areas Versus Agriculture Regions.

What Levels of Technology Exist on This World (Horse And Carts/ or Cars And Planes/ Space Ships And Higher?)

Communications Systems Include Mail, Phone or Other Forms of Vocal/written Communications. Are There High Tech Telephones or Is There a Mailing System? How Does it Work For Sending Info Like ‘Help, We’re Being Attacked! Send The Militia!’ How Does it Work If Calling Home to Say, “Hey Mom And Dad I’m Getting Married Next Week, or I Got That Great New Job!”?

Is Technology The Same Planet Wide or Only in Specific Regions?

Is Technology Distributed Based Upon Racial or Economic Factors or Equally Shared?

Is There a Technological Aspect That Will Have Significant Impact Upon The Story?

What Is The Major Forms of Transportation? (Horse And Carts/ or Cars And Planes/ Space Ships?)

How Does Technological Advances Shape These Forms of Transportation?

What Level of Technology For Weapons Where Applicable? (Forges/  Assembly Lines/robot Workers as Examples)  

Are There Any Weapons Restrictions, And Are Those Restrictions Important to The Plot Line?

How Has The Technology (Or Magic) Helped to Build up or Destroy The Society That Uses It? Is it Still Helping to Build, or Destroy Its Users?

Medical Section:

What Level of Medicine Exists?

Who Does The Healing?

What Technology Is Involved, If Any? (Shamans And Witches And Magic Users Would Use Herbs or Crystals)

If Technologically Advanced What Types of Medical Care Is Available to The People (Hospitals And Insurance Company Concepts  Go Here)

What Types of Diseases And Illnesses Are Common?

Are They Curable, or Lethal?

Who Cares For Sick Family Members With Non Lethal Colds?

POLITICS SECTION:

Governmental Questionnaire:  

What Kind of Government(s)  Exist in This World? (Story Relevance Specific) (Politics Is Always Relevant to Some Degree in Every Story Line!!!)

Does Your Planet Have More Than One Government?

Sovereigns = King Queen, by Birth With Dukes And Lords

Democratically Elected= President And Congress as Example Elder’s Council,

Land Holders Council, Dictatorships, Ogliagarchy, Parliamentary (Limited Sovereign- Must Get Elected Groups Agreement to Do Certain Things) Militant (Yes it Is Different From Tyranny, A.k.a. Dictators), Cooperative (A Lot Like Ogliagarchy (not Oligarchy as that’s a type of tyranny), But a Smaller Group Making The Decisions),

How, & Why Did This Government Come About?

Diplomatic Corps) How Many? Any Special Training required?

How Are Relationships Between Countries? Are Any Currently at War With Each Other? If So, Why?

Taxation

How Does it Work? Purchases Taxed Only, Land, Paychecks, Possessions, Birth Fees?

Taxes and Regulations upon Imports & Exports Where Applicable. Community Based Trade Without Taxation Such as a Village Would Be Seen as Normal. Trade? Name Some Imports, Exports (Look at Geography for Natural Resources to Come up with These Items- a Farming Community Will Trade Grain and Food Stuffs with More Industrialized Areas for Things like Forged Metal Goods Etc)

Are There Taxes on Imports and Exports?

Trade Section/

Large Mass Goods or Specialized Goods. Example, Are They Like Corroscant From Star Wars.. Must Import Food And Water to Survive.. Or Like Mon Calamari... Lots of Exports, Lesser Imports Due to Self Sufficiency. Export Raw Materials or Finished, or Refined Goods.  

How Are Goods Imported and Exported? (By Ship/truck/train/caravan/plane Etc...)

How Is Local; Trade Carried Out? (Barter May Exist in Local or a Credit Ledger You Pay off When Harvest Time Is Done as Example)

Economics:

What Types of Currency Is Used? (Money And Coins/ Credits or Plastic Cards/ or Implanted Chips/ Gems or Barter Forms (A Chicken For a Bag of Grain Example) Currency? What Are Denominations in Credit/ Money Forms For Your Planetary or Nations? Driads For Coalition as Example. If You Have Major Ports of Call Built Into Your System, You May Have a Star Grouping Form of Currency Such as Example Star Wars Driad, as Well as an Internal Set of Indigenous, or Planetary Specific Currency. Are the Monies Based on Metals, Papers, Fabrics, Jewels and Crystals, Microchips, Cards, or Barter?

Is There More than 1 Monetary System to Be Considered for this Story Line?

LAW SECTION:

In Depth Judicial System: What Rules For Theft or Does This Species Idolize It? Violence (Warrior Species Will Probably Have Ritual Battles And Other Forms of Accepted Violence And Laws That Uphold Forms of Ritualized Violence)are There Laws For or Against Sex Crimes? Or Any Other Form of Judgement Ruled System Such as Divorce, Wills/probate, And Drug Slave Trade Laws or Bans Etc. And Who Enforces... Military <Militant Rule Government System> Private Security Groups (Hired by Government?) Regulation Trained Police or Law Enforcement Agency That Is Government Backed. Embezlment, Fraud/perjury, Domestic Situations: I.e. Traffic Tickets/ Monetary Disputes., Lawsuits, You Get The Idea.

What Level of Law Enforcement Exists?

Is There a Structured Legal System Such as in America With Lawyers And Courts? Or Is it ‘Caught And Hung Same Day’ Variety (Antiquated/medieval) System?

Who Makes And Upholds The Laws of The Region?

What Are The Laws And The Consequences For Breaking Them?

Basic History:

Any Major Wars? Inter-species to Interplanetary?  More Than One Country/nation And Governmental Styles Will Have a Past War History. First Space Voyage, Famous Treaties or Constitutions With Who Signed And Why? These Are Good to Make Obscure References to in Novels That Take Place Elsewhere If Only to Remind The Reader of The Exotic Setting Without Having to Bash Readers Over The Head. Major Holidays, Interplanetary And Galactic? Design a General Interspecies Calender, or National Holiday Calender Depending on The Genre Writing. History World and Local

Wars of Significance?

Treaties of Significance?

Major Discoveries That Have Altered History

Natural Disasters, and Other Events That Have Altered History?

Are These Histories Directly Affecting Your Story Overtly, or Simply Shaping Character Behaviors (Same as Religion)

If Important to Main Story List Some Ways it Will Affect the Characters and Story Line Potentially.

History of Interactions Between Different Societies?

Important Historical Figures That Influence a Culture or Society? In Example: Religions Created By, Governments Designed By? Laws That Make Differences? Metals Found and Forged for First Time? (You Get the Idea Here)

Military.. Draft Based or Volunteer Corps? Paid a Good Wage/ Poor Wage? Does This World Have Sets of Treaties to Provide Troops in Time of Crisis in Example  Coalition Sponsored or Local Provisions Such as Lord Calling on Vassals, or Do They Have Full Time Experienced And Trained Army or Similar Liberation Intentioned Forces? Example : Major Ports And Military Platforms Paid For by Coalition Agreements in Return For Skills Such as Tech Support, Housing For Warriors, Docking/repair Platforms in Space Etc...(Sci Fi Examples)

For Fantasy Only Section:

Magic:

If There Is Magic on this World Is There More than 1 Type of Magic (Type Is Healing or Warrior, or Holy Relic Making, or Getting from One Place to Another in Examples)

How Does Magic Work in Your World? Cast and Get Immediate Results or Cast and Wait, or Perhaps You Need a Power Object to Do Anything at All.

What Are the Limitations of Magic? (Example Magic Might Not Work to Resurrect the Dead, but it Might Be Able to Recreate an Arm If You Lose One in a Fight)

What Magic Taboos Exist? (I.e. Creating a Frankenstein Would Be a Taboo in Many Cultures)